The dyeing of fabrics or fibre uses water to transmit dyes in the form of vapour to heat the treatment baths. Printing being a subset of dyeing also contributes to releasing toxic wastes. Hence textile pre-treatment, printing, dyeing, and finishing processes are responsible for using and discharging all kinds of chemical waste. These processes generate effluents that comprise of high concentration of salts, and demonstrate high biological oxygen demand (BOD) or chemical oxygen demand (COD) values. Water treatment plants and processes must be incorporated by textile industries.

Several techniques are developed to treat water waste and effectively reduce chemicals before releasing them into rivers. They are Adsorption,RO membrane filtration,

Nanofiltration ,Ultrafiltration and Ozonation etc.